Maternal ophthalmic artery Doppler ultrasonography in preeclampsia and pregnancy outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of ophthalmic artery (OA) Doppler measure - the ratio of velocity peaks (PR) - to adverse pregnancy outcomes in preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOMES: Prospective cohort study of 56 women with preeclampsia that underwent Doppler measurements of OA flow, medial to optic nerve. PR results were classified as normal (PR < 0.78), abnormal (PR 0.78-0.98), or highly abnormal (PR ≥ 0.99). Attending clinicians were blinded to OA Doppler results. The primary endpoints were (1) a composite of adverse maternal outcomes-central nervous system injury (eclampsia or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome), HELLP syndrome, hypertensive crisis, maternal admission to the intensive care unit, and maternal death-and (2) a composite of adverse perinatal outcomes-birth weight <10th percentile for gestational age, neonatal acidemia, 5-min Apgar score <7, admission of infants weighing >2500 g to the neonatal intensive care, preterm birth <32 weeks, fetal or neonatal death. RESULTS: Adverse maternal outcomes became more frequent as the PR values increased (p=.005). The occurrence of hypertensive crisis after hospital admission (secondary endpoint) was also positively associated with PR values (p=.001). Adverse perinatal outcomes were not associated with PR values (p=.551), but women in the highly abnormal PR group (PR ≥ 0.99) had the earliest deliveries (p=.001) and the smallest newborns (p=.004). All women in the highly abnormal PR group (n=16) had an adverse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal OA Doppler PR ≥ 0.99 in preeclampsia may identify women at increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes and pregnancies at the greatest risk of preterm birth.

Complicaciones asociadas y análisis de supervivencia de niños con leucemias agudas tratados con el protocolo BFM-95 / Associated complications and survival analysis in children with acute leukemia treated with BFM-95 protocol

Objetivo: Determinar las complicaciones y porcentaje de supervivencia de niños con leucemia linfoide y mieloide aguda tratados con el protocolo Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster 95 (BFM-95) de Enero de 2008 a Diciembre de 2010 en el Hospital Infantil "Los Ángeles". Materiales y métodos: Una cohorte retrospectiva fue diseñada para evaluar a niños tratados con el protocolo BFM-95 durante tres años en el Hospital Infantil "Los Ángeles". La información fue obtenida de los datos demográficos del paciente, complicaciones asociadas con el protocolo BFM-95 y supervivencia. Los datos fueron recolectados de las historias médicas y los reportes de fallecimiento del hospital. Las variables nominales fueron presentadas como proporciones y las variables continuas fueron expresadas como medias y desviaciones estándares. El análisis de supervivencia fue realizado por el método Kaplan-Meier. Los datos fueron analizados usando el programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versión 17,0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Resultados: Cincuenta y dos niños fueron incluidos en este estudio. De todo el grupo, 47 (90,4%) tuvieron leucemia linfoide aguda y 5 (9,6%) leucemia mieloide aguda. Treinta y cinco (67,3%) presentaron complicaciones. Veintitres niños (65,7%) mostraron complicaciones infecciosas siendo las más frecuentes. El análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier mostró que los pacientes con complicaciones tuvieron un tiempo más corto de supervivencia comparado a los pacientes sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: La incidencia de complicaciones fue elevada. El análisis Kaplan-Meier reveló diferencias entre la leucemia linfoide aguda y leucemia mieloide aguda de acuerdo a las complicaciones.

Objective: To determine complications and survival percentage in children suffering from acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia treated with Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster 95 (BFM-95) protocol from January 2008 to December 2010 at Los Ángeles Children Hospital. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort was designed to evaluate children treated with BFM-95 protocol during three years at Los Ángeles Children Hospital. The Information was obtained from the patient demographics, complications associated with BFM-95 protocol and survival. Data were collected from medical records and hospital decease reports. Nominal variables were presented as proportions and the continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations. The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, 17.0 version software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: Fifty two children were included in this study. From the whole group, 47 (90.4%) had acute lymphoid leukemia and 5 (9.6%) had acute myeloid leukemia. Thirty five (67.3%) presented complications. Twenty three children (65.7%) had infectious complications, being the most frequent ones. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with complications have shorter survival time compared to patients with no complications. Conclusions: The incidence of complications was high in children treated with BFM-95 protocol. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed differences between acute lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia according to complications.